The International Energy Agency (IEA) has published its Critical Minerals Outlook 2025. It points out that critical minerals, which are essential for a range of energy technologies and for the broader economy, have become a major focus in global policy and trade discussions. Price volatility, supply chain bottlenecks and geopolitical concerns make the regular monitoring of their supply and demand vital.

The Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 includes a detailed assessment of the latest market and investment trends, along with their implications for critical minerals security.

The 2025 Outlook also explores key techno-economic issues such as policy mechanisms to support diversification; mineral supply chains for emerging battery technologies; recent innovations in mining, refining and recycling; and a broader view on strategic minerals for applications beyond the energy sector.

Meanwhile, the World Economic Forum has published a paper entitled ‘What are the critical minerals for the energy transition – and where can they be found?’ It points out that the IEA forecasts that demand for critical minerals will need to triple by 2030 and quadruple by 2040 if we are to achieve net zero emissions.