The Mediterranean Sea has officially become an Emission Control Area under MARPOL Annex VI. The sulphur content in fuel oil for ships operating in the area is now limited to 0.1%, significantly reducing air pollution and delivering major benefits to both human health and the marine environment.

Decreasing sulphur emissions from shipping improves human health by lowering rates of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, strokes, and childhood asthma. The environment also benefits significantly, as reduced acidification helps protect crops, forests, and aquatic species. Finally, this measure is expected to reduce haze caused by ships, increasing visibility and decreasing the risk of maritime accidents.

It is estimated that more than 17% of worldwide cruises and 24% of the world fleet navigate the Mediterranean Sea.